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Hong Kong Tour 4K Central Ice House Street | the Fringe Club & FCC | 香港漫游中環雪厰街 藝穗會 香港外國記者會


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Hong Kong Tour 4K Central Ice House Street, pass by Old Dairy Farm Depot, the Fringe Club & FCC
香港漫游中環雪厰街,經過舊牛奶公司倉庫,藝穗會,香港外國記者會

Ice House Street (Chinese: 雪廠街) is a one-way street in Central, Hong Kong Island, Hong Kong. Named after the structure previously located on it that housed the city's only source of ice, it stretches from Lower Albert Road to Connaught Road. The street is noted for several historical landmarks situated on it, most notably the Club Lusitano and the Old Dairy Farm Depot.

History
During the First Opium War, the British occupied Hong Kong in 1841 and one year later, the territory was ceded to them in the Treaty of Nanking. Four years later, in 1845, the Hong Kong Ice Company was founded. It was set up with the intention of selling ice blocks[2] from the United States—specifically from New England and New York State. These were transported to the colony on clippers and traded as a commodity. To persuade the company to sell ice to local hospitals at cost price, the Government of Hong Kong granted the company the site for an ice house rent-free for 75 years. The building eventually lent its name to the street it was situated on; it was Hong Kong's only source of ice, because that there were no "commercial ice-making facilities" in the colony. The house was on the intersection of Ice House Street and Queen's Road Central and continued to store ice imports until 1874 when ice production started in Causeway Bay.

Description and features
The Portuguese cross (Cruzeiro) atop Club Lusitano at 16 Ice House Street.
From its southern end, Ice House Street begins at its junction with Lower Albert Road. This is where the Old Dairy Farm Depot is located. Built by Dairy Farm, one of the first companies that sold ice cream and refrigerated milk in the city, it currently houses the Hong Kong Fringe Club and the Foreign Correspondents' Club. Although not officially on the street itself, the Bishop's House is situated across from the depot and overlooks it from an elevated vantage point. It serves as the residence of the Archbishop of Hong Kong (Anglican). The next landmark on the route is the flight of stairs that descend onto Duddell Street and contain four gas lamps from the 1870s that are declared monuments. Before the street intersects with Queen's Road Central, it passes the Club Lusitano. The club, which is the meeting point for Portuguese expatriates in the city, has been located on the site since 1920 when it moved down from its original 1866 site in Shelly Street. The building has since been reconstructed twice, in 1967 and 1996-2002.

After crossing with Queen's Road, Ice House Street goes past 9 Queen's Road Central. Although the current skyscraper is located in the same place as a former building that stood on the site until 1987, the old complex's address was 9 Ice House Street. The street then intersects with Des Voeux Road Central and Chater Road before ending on Connaught Road Central.

雪廠街(英語:Ice House Street)是香港的一條道路,位於香港島中環。是單程下山車道。它的南段連接近藝穗會的雲咸街,而北段則與干諾道中交界。

歷史
「雪廠街」的得名,是因以前在這裏有一座儲存冰塊的冷藏庫(雪廠其實是雪倉,港人稱冰為雪,雪廠就是貯冰的倉庫)。1845年4月17日,該冷藏庫在雪廠街建立,供應來自北美洲的冰塊予附近的醫院及居民,直到1880年代為止。

當年香港用的冰都是美國船運而來的天然冰。美國的大湖和河流冬季結冰所產生的冰塊,運到香港後,塗上鋸屑和糠皮防止溶化,貯入雪廠待用。供應冰塊的公司(Ice House Company)成立於1845年,它的貯冰倉設於雪廠街。當時中環尚未填海,雪廠就在海邊,運冰船卸貨入倉非常方便。

雪廠是一座兩層的建築物,地皮由政府免費批給,期限為75年,附帶條件是廉價供應冰塊給公立醫院。該廠每天出冰兩次,一次為上午五時至七時,一次為下午二時至四時,每天消耗量約七百磅。美國冰一度獨佔香港的冷藏市場,直到1866年左右,凱爾才在灣仔春園街一帶設廠自製冰塊,與之競爭。1880年以後,本港自製的冰塊售價越來越低,遠道而來的美國冰無利可圖,便停止輸入。

輸入美國冰的丟杜公司後來和凱爾改組的香港製冰公司合併,且交由渣甸洋行經營。1883年,港府向渣甸洋行提議,將雪廠街的地皮長期批與該洋行,租期999年,批價12,500元渣甸洋行僅肯出價八千元,並且要分五年繳清,理由是雪廠的地基低於雪廠街的路面,卑濕異常,除了貯冰外難以作其他用途。再後來,雪廠和製冰公司又都賣給牛奶公司。為供應電力予雪廠使用,香港電燈公司於1896年興建了一間小型發電廠「雪廠街發電廠」,而多餘的電力則提供給中環附近一帶的大酒店及電影院。雪廠街的古老雪廠,直至1918年牛奶公司向渣甸洋行收買時仍然存在。

現存位於中環下亞厘畢道和雲咸街交界的舊牛奶公司倉庫(曾用作冰庫),與使雪廠街得名的雪廠建築物並無關係。

沿途著名景點
舊牛奶公司倉庫,藝穗會
都爹利街煤氣路燈

舊牛奶公司倉庫建於1892年,樓高3層,由牛奶公司興建,最初只用作冰庫(但這並非雪廠街所指的「雪廠」),當時香港人用作冷藏的冰塊是從中國北部採用船運,在離雲咸街不遠的皇后大道中海邊碼頭卸貨,再用人力拖運到這個冰庫儲藏。1896年,牛奶公司將總部搬到此處,並先後加建屠場、餡餅生產工場、牛奶分銷中心、零售冰粒雪庫、副食品工場以及鍋爐間等設備。

1913年,原倉庫被翻新為牛奶公司總經理的住所。香港日治時期,日軍曾將倉庫掠奪一空。香港重光後,該址恢復作為牛奶公司總部。1982年,牛奶公司遷出該倉庫,而牛奶公司則遷往鰂魚涌太古坊德宏大廈迄今,同年香港外國記者會進駐北座,藝穗會則在1983年12月遷入南座。

藝穗會(The Fringe Club)是香港推廣藝術創作的非牟利機構及慈善團體,收入大部分來自場中的酒吧、餐廳及不同機構的贊助,其餘的則來自租借表演場地的費用、藝穗會會費、展覽的分帳及政府資助。成立於1983年,提供更大的空間給香港本地藝術家創作,亦給予技術支援及協助推廣其作品。

會址位於中環下亞厘畢道和雲咸街交界,近雪廠街南,稱為舊牛奶公司倉庫,並已被列為香港一級歷史建築。

直至現在,藝穗會共製作了28個藝術節,在15個城市進行了62次外地文化交流,主持了67次藝術從業人員駐場計劃,舉辦了1,400個展覽、8,150場舞台演出、1,900場音樂會和3,230次社區外展活動,包括於2010年上海世博演出、策展2011年第五十四屆威尼斯雙年展香港館等。

都爹利街(英语:Duddell Street)位于香港中环皇后大道中以南,南端连接雪厂街。
都爹利街本身是一条小街,只有一端可以通车,在与雪厂街连接之处有一条花岗石楼梯与4支煤气灯,煤气灯为全香港仅余,历史悠久,于1979年8月15日被列为香港法定古迹。

石阶约建于1875年至1889年间,以花岗石筑成,其上装有的4支煤气灯安装年份不详,最早有这几枝灯的纪录则在1922年,属“双灯泡罗车士打款式”(Two-light Rochester Models),是英国 Suggs & Co. 出产。煤气灯后来一度中止运作,于1948年2月29日重开,全港其他煤气街灯于其后20年被电灯所取代。香港政府曾经希望把灯柱送往香港历史博物馆,其后决定保存,由煤气公司供应煤气及负责维修。

1984年市政局为这4支煤气灯在英国订造灯纱及灯罩,现时煤气灯由傍晚6时至早上6时亮灯,自动开关。
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